Prison Island Zanzibar: History, Giant Tortoises & Complete Visitor's Guide

The Fascinating History of Prison Island (Changuu)

Just 5.6 km northwest of Stone Town lies Changuu Island, better known as Prison Island. Despite its name, the island never actually held prisoners. In the 1860s, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, Seyyid Majid, gave the island to two Arab merchants who used it as a detention center for rebellious slaves. Later, in 1893, the British First Minister built a prison complex, but it was never used for its intended purpose. Instead, the prison became a quarantine station for yellow fever cases and later a recreational facility for British officials. Today, the coral stone prison ruins stand as a hauntingly beautiful reminder of Zanzibar's layered colonial past.

"Changuu is a place where whispers of history meet the gentle footsteps of ancient tortoises — a true Zanzibar paradox." — Zanzibar Historical Society

The island also played a role in the abolition of slavery. After the slave trade was outlawed, Changuu was used as a holding point for freed slaves before they were resettled. Walking through the old prison cells gives you a palpable sense of the island's somber yet resilient history.

Giant Aldabra Tortoises: Living Legends of Changuu

In 1919, the British governor of the Seychelles gifted four Aldabra giant tortoises to Zanzibar. Over the decades, the population has grown to over 200 individuals. These gentle giants, some over 150 years old, roam freely across the island's interior. Visitors can walk among them, feed them fresh greens, and photograph their incredible shell patterns. The oldest tortoise, named "Mzee" (Swahili for elder), is estimated to be over 190 years old — born before the American Civil War! The tortoise sanctuary is a conservation success story and a highlight for families and wildlife lovers.

How to Get to Prison Island

Prison Island is a short 25-30 minute boat ride from Stone Town. Here's how to arrange your trip:

• Organized Tours: Most hotels in Stone Town and beach resorts offer half-day excursions including boat transfers, entrance fees, and a guide ($30-50 per person).
• Private Charter: Negotiate with a local dhow captain at the Stone Town waterfront (Forodhani Gardens area). Expect $40-80 for a private boat (up to 6 people) round trip.
• Combination Tours: Many operators combine Prison Island with a Stone Town walking tour or spice farm visit for a full day of exploration.

Boat departure point: Most tours depart from the main harbor near the Old Fort or from the Shangani waterfront. Wear a life jacket — it's required by law.

Top Things to Do on Prison Island

1. Visit the Tortoise Sanctuary

The main attraction — get up close with the giant tortoises, learn about their conservation, and take photos with these prehistoric creatures.

2. Explore the Prison Ruins

Wander through the old quarantine cells and prison corridors. The stone building has an eerie but photogenic atmosphere. Climb to the upper floor for panoramic views of the Indian Ocean and Stone Town skyline.

3. Swim & Sunbathe

The island boasts a small but lovely white-sand beach on the eastern side. The water is calm and shallow — perfect for a refreshing dip after exploring.

4. Snorkel the Coral Reef

Changuu is surrounded by coral gardens teeming with tropical fish. Bring your snorkel gear or rent from boat operators. Look for parrotfish, angelfish, and sometimes starfish.

5. Picnic with a View

Several shaded picnic spots are available. Many tours include a boxed lunch, or you can bring snacks to enjoy while watching dhows sail past.

Snorkeling & Marine Life Around the Island

The waters around Prison Island are part of the Menai Bay Conservation Area, offering decent snorkeling opportunities. The best spots are off the island's southwestern tip, where coral coverage is healthiest. You'll see schools of blue-green chromis, butterflyfish, and the occasional octopus. Visibility ranges from 10 to 20 meters depending on tides. For the best experience, aim for morning hours when the water is calmest.

Practical Information & Essential Tips

• Opening hours: Daily 8:00 AM – 5:30 PM.
• Entrance fee: $4-5 USD per person (plus boat fare). Some tours include it.
• Best time to visit: Morning (8-10 AM) to avoid heat and crowds.
• What to bring: Sunscreen, hat, swimsuit, towel, snorkel gear (can be rented), camera, insect repellent.
• Amenities: There is a small cafe selling drinks and snacks, but it's limited. Bring your own water.
• Accessibility: The island is flat with sandy paths, suitable for most visitors. However, the boat landing can be tricky at low tide.
• Tortoise etiquette: Do not ride or sit on tortoises. Feed only the provided food. Keep noise low to avoid stressing them.

Sample Half-Day Prison Island Itinerary

08:30: Pick-up from your Stone Town hotel or meeting point at the Old Fort.
09:00: Depart by motorboat or traditional dhow (25 min crossing).
09:30: Arrive at Prison Island — guided walk through the historical prison ruins.
10:00: Visit the giant tortoise sanctuary — feeding and photo session.
10:45: Free time for swimming, snorkeling, or relaxing on the beach.
11:45: Boat returns to Stone Town.
12:15: Arrive back. Optional: lunch at Forodhani Gardens or Stone Town café.

Frequently Asked Questions About Prison Island

Is Prison Island worth visiting? Absolutely — it's one of Zanzibar's most unique half-day trips, combining history, wildlife, and beach time in a compact package.
Can you stay overnight on Prison Island? No, there's no accommodation. It's strictly a day-trip destination.
Are the tortoises friendly? Yes, they are accustomed to humans and very gentle. Children love them, but supervise closely.
Is there a restaurant? Only a small snack bar selling drinks, chips, and ice cream. Bring a picnic for a better experience.
How long should I spend? 2-3 hours is sufficient to see everything at a relaxed pace.